在超聲波清洗機(jī)中，將待清潔的物體放置在含有合適溶液的腔室中（根據(jù)應(yīng)用，在水性或有機(jī)溶劑中）。在含水清潔劑中，通常加入表面活性劑（例如洗衣洗滌劑）以使非極性化合物如油和油脂溶解。內(nèi)置于腔室中或降低到流體中的超聲波產(chǎn)生換能器通過改變尺寸與在超聲頻率下振蕩的電信號(hào)一起在流體中產(chǎn)生超聲波。這在罐的液體中產(chǎn)生壓縮波，其將液體“撕開”，留下數(shù)百萬個(gè)微觀“空隙”/“部分真空氣泡”（空化）。這些氣泡由于巨大的能量而破裂;實(shí)現(xiàn)了大約5,000 K和135 MPa的溫度和壓力; 然而，它們非常小，只能清潔和去除表面污垢和污染物。頻率越高，空化點(diǎn)之間的節(jié)點(diǎn)越小，這允許清潔更復(fù)雜的細(xì)節(jié)。

超聲波換能器顯示~20 kHz和~40 kHz堆疊�；钚栽�素（靠近頂部）是兩個(gè)鋯鈦酸鉛環(huán)，用螺栓固定在鋁連接角上。

換能器通常是壓電的（例如由鋯鈦酸鉛（PZT），鈦酸鋇等制成），但有時(shí)是磁致伸縮的。在超聲波攪拌下，不需要使用通常苛刻的化學(xué)品作為許多行業(yè)中的清潔劑，或者使用濃度低得多的化學(xué)品。超聲波用于工業(yè)清潔，也用于許多醫(yī)療和牙科技術(shù)和工業(yè)過程。

來源：wikipedia

Design and operating principle

In an ultrasonic cleaner, the object to be cleaned is placed in a chamber containing a suitable solution (in an aqueous or organic solvent, depending on the application). In aqueous cleaners, surfactants (e.g., laundry detergent) are often added to permit dissolution of non-polar compounds such as oils and greases. An ultrasound generating transducer built into the chamber, or lowered into the fluid, produces ultrasonic waves in the fluid by changing size in concert with an electrical signal oscillating at ultrasonic frequency. This creates compression waves in the liquid of the tank which 'tear' the liquid apart, leaving behind many millions of microscopic 'voids'/'partial vacuum bubbles' (cavitation). These bubbles collapse with enormous energy; temperatures and pressures on the order of 5,000 K and 135 MPa are achieved;[7][8] however, they are so small that they do no more than clean and remove surface dirt and contaminants. The higher the frequency, the smaller the nodes between the cavitation points, which allows for cleaning of more intricate detail.

Ultrasonic transducers showing ~20 kHz and ~40 kHz stacks. The active elements (near the top) are two rings of lead zirconate titanate, which are bolted to an aluminium coupling horn.

Transducers are usually piezoelectric (e.g. made with lead zirconate titanate (PZT), barium titanate, etc.), but are sometimes magnetostrictive. The often harsh chemicals used as cleaners in many industries are not needed, or used in much lower concentrations, with ultrasonic agitation. Ultrasonics are used for industrial cleaning, and also used in many medical and dental techniques and industrial processes.